Between Creed and Qur’ān Shi’ite Views of ‘Iṣmah in Light of Qur’ān (48:1‒2)

Abstract

Islam’s main document, the Qur’ān, is perceived as the foundation for the
religion’s creedal ideas. Throughout the ages, however, Qur’ānic exegesis
(tafsīr), like its counterpart endeavors in other established religions, has
become subject to circularity. This means basically that while faith-based
scholars may declare that their exegeses are based upon reading scripture
qua scripture, their interpretations are often conditioned by creedal constructs
imposed upon the text. One such issue in Islam revolves around
‘iṣmah, the concept of prophetic inerrancy.
A prophet, in the Islamic worldview, is not simply someone who delivers
God’s message, but one who is also tasked with being an exemplar.
Since the holder of such an office must have impeccable conduct,
as well as proficiency in teaching and explaining what God wants for the
faith community, it might be assumed that a doctrine of prophetic inerrancy
was a logical inevitability. There is a general agreement between
Sunnis and Shīʻahs—primarily by rational analysis—on the issue of the
Prophet (ṢAAS) being inerrant from major and minor sins. The concept
is not clearly spelled out in the Qur’ān, and based on their differences in
creedal perception, the two groups, while agreeing on a core idea, differ on
certain details ...