Reform Within Islam The Tajdid and Jadid Movement Among the Kazan Tatars (1819-1917): Conciliation or Conflict? By Ahmet Kanltdere, Istanbul: Eren, 1997, 198 pp.

Abstract

When the western influence or civilization came to impinge upon the Muslim
world in the late eighteenth century, a profound process of transformation began
in Muslim thought. There had been so many encounters between the West and
the East, or in other words, between Islam and Christianity over centuries in various
ways and on different levels. However, this was a novel phenomenon, without
antecedents, resulting from "the technical age" and accordingly from a state
of comparative superiority among nations placing them inexorably in an objective
hierarchy in terms of their use of the possibilities of this age. (The term
"technical age" is used here as defined by Marshall G.S. Hodgson in The
Venture of Islam as a universal human development, contrary to the term "modem
age," which implies western superiority.) Having lost the sense of absolute
superiority provided by their faith, Muslims had come to feel themselves more
vulnerable to the Western challenge than ever. Quite naturally this led Muslim
thinkers to question their thought, religion, and civilization in comparison with
those of the West Few if any thinkers, like the architect of the Majalla, Ahmed
Cevdet Pa????a. the foremost intellectual figure in modem times, in whom the
authentic 'alim tradition was embodied, remained bound to the idio-sources and
possibilities of Islamic thought in coping with the Western challenge to the bitter
end. The bulk of the Muslim intelligentsia and 'ulama, far from possessing a
staunch, implicit faith in the self-sufficiency of Islamic legacy, as Ahmed
Cevdet Pa§a has, felt themselves as bound to compromise with western thought
in some way or other. Then a new way of thinking on the part of Muslim
thinkers "Islamic modernism" came into being.
Seen in this light, Islamic modernism marks a decisive rupture in the history
of Islamic thought in that it represents an attempt at renewal from outside, as
opposed to the ihya or tajdid tradition codified by the Prophet himself, which ...